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如何在-exec中获取basename？(how to get basename in -exec of find?)我无法获得以下脚本（这是更大的备份脚本的一部分）才能正常工作：
BACKUPDIR=/BACKUP/db01/physical/incremental # Backups base directoryFULLBACKUPDIR=$BACKUPDIR/full # Full backups directoryINCRBACKUPDIR=$BACKUPDIR/incr # Incremental backups directoryKEEP=5 # Number of full backups (and its incrementals) to keep...FIRST_DELETE=`expr $KEEP + 1` # add one to the number of backups to keep, this will be the first deletedFILE0=`ls -ltr $FULLBACKUPDIR | awk '{print $9}' | tail -$FIRST_DELETE | head -1` # search for the first backup to be deleted...find $FULLBACKUPDIR -maxdepth 1 -type d ! -newer $FULLBACKUPDIR/$FILE0 -execdir echo "removing: "$FULLBACKUPDIR/$(basename {}) \; -execdir bash -c 'rm -rf $FULLBACKUPDIR/$(basename {})' \; -execdir echo "removing: "$INCRBACKUPDIR/$(basename {}) \; -execdir bash -c 'rm -rf $INCRBACKUPDIR/$(basename {})' \;所以这个查找工作正常，它本身会输出这样的东西：
/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-25-07我想要的是-exec回显显示正在删除的行，然后从两个目录中删除该文件夹。
我已经尝试了各种方法来获得基本名称，但似乎没有任何工作。 我明白了：
removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28"removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/incr/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28"removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-25-07"当然，文件夹不会被删除，因为它们不存在，只是因为-f选项而无声地失败。 如果我删除-f，我会在每个rm上找到“无法找到”错误。
我该如何做到这一点？ 由于备份和部分备份可能存储在不同的存储系统中，因此我真的需要能够获取文件夹名称以便在任何已知路径中使用。
I cannot get the following piece of script (which is part of a larger backup script) to work correctly:
BACKUPDIR=/BACKUP/db01/physical/incremental # Backups base directoryFULLBACKUPDIR=$BACKUPDIR/full # Full backups directoryINCRBACKUPDIR=$BACKUPDIR/incr # Incremental backups directoryKEEP=5 # Number of full backups (and its incrementals) to keep...FIRST_DELETE=`expr $KEEP + 1` # add one to the number of backups to keep, this will be the first deletedFILE0=`ls -ltr $FULLBACKUPDIR | awk '{print $9}' | tail -$FIRST_DELETE | head -1` # search for the first backup to be deleted...find $FULLBACKUPDIR -maxdepth 1 -type d ! -newer $FULLBACKUPDIR/$FILE0 -execdir echo "removing: "$FULLBACKUPDIR/$(basename {}) \; -execdir bash -c 'rm -rf $FULLBACKUPDIR/$(basename {})' \; -execdir echo "removing: "$INCRBACKUPDIR/$(basename {}) \; -execdir bash -c 'rm -rf $INCRBACKUPDIR/$(basename {})' \;So the find works correctly which on its own will output something like this:
/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28/BACKUPS/db01/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-25-07What I want is the -exec to echo a line showing what is being removed and then remove the folder from both directories.
I've tried various ways to get just the basename but nothing seems to be working. I get this:
removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28"removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/incr/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-51-28"removing: /BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/"/BACKUPS/mysql/physical/incremental/full/2013-08-12_17-25-07"And of course the folders arn't deleted because they don't exist, just fail silently because of the -f option. If I remove the -f I get the 'cannot be found' error on each rm.
How do I accomplish this? Because backups and parts of backups may be stored across different storage systems I really need the ability to just get the folder name for use in any known path.
最满意答案这里有很多破碎。
所有大写变量都是按照惯例env变量，不应在脚本中使用。 使用遗留反引号而不是$() 解析ls （！）的输出 解析ls -l的输出（!!!） 扩展已知包含没有完整引号的路径的变量。为了改善这一点，你绝对需要的是-exec bash ，例如
-execdir bash -c 'filepath="$1" ; base=$(basename "$filepath") ; echo use $filepath and $base here' -- {} \;但是相反如何：
#!/usr/bin/env bashbackup_base=/BACKUP/db01/physical/incrementalfull_backup="$backup_base"/fullincremental_backup="$backup_base"/incrkeep=5rm=echolet n=0while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' line ; do file="${line#* }" if [[ $n -lt $keep ]] ; then let n=n+1 continue fi base=$(basename "$file") echo "removing: $full_backup/$base" "$rm" -rf -- "$full_backup"/"$base" echo "removing: $incremental_backup/$base" "$rm" -rf -- "$incremental_backup"/"$base"done < <(find "$full_backup" -maxdepth 1 -printf '%T@.%p\0' 2>/dev/null | sort -z -r -n -t. -k1,2)迭代备份目录下的文件和目录，跳过最新的5个。 从与其余名称匹配的完整和增量目录文件中删除。
这是一个基本上安全的版本，当然除了定时攻击。
我已经将rm定义为echo以避免意外删除; 一旦你确定它是正确的，将它交换回rm进行实际删除。
Lots of broken here.
All caps variables are by convention env vars and should not be used in scripts. Using legacy backticks instead of $() Parsing the output of ls (!) Parsing the output of ls -l (!!!) Expanding variables known to contain paths without full quotes.All you absolutely need in order to improve this is to -exec bash properly, e.g.
-execdir bash -c 'filepath="$1" ; base=$(basename "$filepath") ; echo use $filepath and $base here' -- {} \;But how about this instead:
#!/usr/bin/env bashbackup_base=/BACKUP/db01/physical/incrementalfull_backup="$backup_base"/fullincremental_backup="$backup_base"/incrkeep=5rm=echolet n=0while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' line ; do file="${line#* }" if [[ $n -lt $keep ]] ; then let n=n+1 continue fi base=$(basename "$file") echo "removing: $full_backup/$base" "$rm" -rf -- "$full_backup"/"$base" echo "removing: $incremental_backup/$base" "$rm" -rf -- "$incremental_backup"/"$base"done < <(find "$full_backup" -maxdepth 1 -printf '%T@.%p\0' 2>/dev/null | sort -z -r -n -t. -k1,2)Iterate over files and directories immediately under the backup dir and skip the first 5 newest. Delete from the full and incremental dirs files matching the names of the rest.
This is an essentially safe version, except of course for timing attacks.
I have defined rm as being echo to avoid accidental deletes; swap it back to rm for actual deletion once you're sure it's correct.